Understanding Land Titles and Property Documentation

A plain-language introduction to common property documents in Nigeria and what each one means.

Common documents

Certificate of Occupancy (C of O): issued by a state government, granting a right of occupancy over land.

Governor's Consent: approval required when land with an existing C of O is transferred.

Deed of Assignment: the agreement that transfers interest from seller to buyer.

Registered Survey Plan: shows the exact boundaries and location of the land.

Gazette / Excision: documents that release land from government acquisition to communities.

Document names alone do not guarantee a clean title. Always have a qualified lawyer carry out a search at the relevant land registry before payment.

This guide is general information and not legal advice. Speak to a qualified lawyer before any property transaction.